(Mono / Poly / Bifacial, DCR / Non-DCR)
(On-grid, Off-grid, Hybrid)
Power Rating (Wattage): Capacity of the panel (e.g., 540W, 550W, 575W).
Efficiency (%): How much sunlight is converted into electricity (usually 16%–18% for DCR Panels & 22%–26% for NDCR Panels).
Type of Panel:
Monocrystalline – High efficiency, premium.
Polycrystalline – Lower cost, slightly less efficient.
Thin-film – Lightweight, flexible, lower efficiency.
Voltage & Current Ratings: Open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc).
Temperature Coefficient: Performance drop in high heat (lower is better).
Durability & Warranty: Typically 10–12 years product warranty, 30 years performance warranty.
Size & Weight: Dimensions affect installation area and mounting.
Certifications: IEC, BIS, MNRE-approved for safety & quality.
Type of Inverter:
On-grid (Grid-tied): Works with utility grid, no batteries.
Off-grid: Works with batteries, independent of grid.
Hybrid: Supports both grid and battery.
Capacity (kW/kVA): Should match the solar system size.
Conversion Efficiency (%): Usually 95%–99% efficiency.
MPPT Technology: Maximum Power Point Tracking for optimal energy harvest.
Input Parameters: DC voltage range, max current, number of MPPT trackers.
Output Parameters: AC voltage, frequency, phase (single-phase or three-phase).
Safety Features: Overvoltage, short-circuit, anti-islanding protection.
Monitoring & Connectivity: Wi-Fi / GPRS / RS485 for remote monitoring via app or portal.
Noise & Cooling: Fan cooling or natural convection; important for lifespan.
Warranty & Lifespan: Usually 5–10 years warranty, extendable to 15–20 years.
Energy Storage – Stores excess electricity generated by solar panels for later use (e.g., at night or during cloudy periods).
Capacity (kWh) – The total amount of energy the battery can store. Larger capacity means longer backup power.
Power Rating (kW) – The maximum amount of electricity the battery can deliver at one time (determines what appliances it can run simultaneously).
Depth of Discharge (DoD) – The percentage of the battery’s capacity that can be safely used without damaging it (higher DoD = more usable energy).
Round-trip Efficiency – The percentage of energy that can be retrieved from storage compared to what was put in (higher is better, usually 80–95%).
Battery Type – Common types are Lithium-ion (most popular for home use due to efficiency, lifespan, and compact size) and Lead-acid (cheaper but bulkier and shorter lifespan).
Lifespan & Cycle Life – How many charge/discharge cycles the battery can handle before capacity significantly declines (lithium-ion usually lasts 8–15 years).
Scalability – Ability to add more batteries to increase storage as energy needs grow.
Backup Power Feature – Some solar batteries can work as backup during power outages, while others only optimize solar usage.
Smart Monitoring – Many come with apps or monitoring systems to track energy production, storage, and usage in real-time.
Roof-Mounted Structures
Flat Roof Mounting: Panels installed at an angle using ballasted or penetrative mounts.
Sloped Roof Mounting: Direct attachment to roof tiles, metal sheets, or shingles with rail systems.
Ground-Mounted Structures
Fixed-Tilt: Panels are mounted at a fixed angle for optimum sunlight.
Seasonal Tilt: Panels can be manually adjusted a few times a year.
Single-Axis Tracker: Moves east-west following the sun’s path.
Dual-Axis Tracker: Moves both east-west and north-south for maximum efficiency.
Special Structures
Carport Mounting: Panels mounted on parking shade structures.
Pole Mounting: Single or multiple panels attached to a pole (used in rural or off-grid applications).
Floating Solar Mounting: Panels installed on water bodies using floatation structures.
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